Academic Eligibility for IAS Exams · A degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be a Deemed University under the UGC Act, 1956, or an equivalent qualification. · Candidates who have appeared or intend to appear for the qualifying examination and are awaiting results are also eligible to appear for the Preliminary Examination. All such candidates who qualify to appear for the Civil Services Main Examination must produce proof of having passed the said examination along with their application for the Main Examination. · The UPSC may in exceptional cases treat a candidate without the foregoing requisite qualification as an eligible candidate if he / she has passed an examination conducted by other institutions, the standard of which justifies his / her admission in the opinion of the Commission. · Candidates with professional and technical qualifications recognised by the Government as equivalent to professional and technical degrees. · Candidates who have passed the final year of MBBS or any Medical Examination but are yet to complete the internship can also appear for the Main Examination. However they must submit along with their Main Examination application, a certificate from the concerned authority of the University / Institution that they have passed the final professional medical examination. At the Interview stage they must then produce a certificate from a competent authority that they have completed (including internship) all the requirements for the award of the Medical Degree. Other Eligibility Conditions for IAS Exams (1) Nationality i. Only Indian nationals are eligible for IAS and IPS. ii. For other services a candidate can be either of the following: a. a citizen of India, b. a subject of Nepal, c. a subject of Bhutan, d. a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before January 1, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India, or e. a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Burma, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vietnam, Zaire or Zambia with the intention of permanently settling in India. Candidates belonging to either categories of b., c., d. or e., must produce an eligibility certificate issued by the Government of India. Those who belong to either of b., c., or d., categories are not eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service. (2) Age Limit i. A candidate must have attained 21 years and not be over 30 years on August 1 of the year of examination. ii. The upper age limit is relaxed in specific cases as mentioned below: a. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate belongs to SC/ST. b. upto a maximum of 3 years if the candidate belongs to Other Backward Classes. c. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate had been domiciled in Jammu & Kashmir during the period between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1989. d. upto a maximum of 3 years in the case of Defence Services personnel disabled during hostilities with foreign countries or in a disturbed area and consequently released. e. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ex- servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs / SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on August 1 of the year of examination and have been released: o on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from August 1 of the year of examination) otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency, or o on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or o on invalidment. f. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ECOs / SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment (5 years Military Service) as on August 1 of the year of examination and whose assignment has been extended beyond 5 years. Such candidates will have to provide a certificate from the Ministry of Defence stating that they can apply for civil employment and they will be released on a notice of 3 months, upon selection, from the date of receipt of offer of appointment. g. upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute and orthopaedically handicapped candidates. If you are preparing for the Civil Services Examinations and dream of being an IAS officer, do not hesitate in taking coaching for the UPSC Exam. In your prepration of the UPSC Examination, you should only keep in mind the kind of IAS coaching you would want to go for. UPSC Civil Services Prelims Results 2006 The Civil Services exams are very tough and the UPSC takes stringent steps to keep it fair. Many in India aspire to be Civil Servants; therefore the competition for the IAS exams is very tough. As a result taking long distance IAS coaching alone is not sufficient. If you can afford to come to Delhi or such centers where IAS coaching facilities are good, that is the best option. Shifting to centers like Delhi also helps in exposure to other people appearing for the IAS examination. This, at many times is more useful than the coaching provided. Here is the list of Civil Services according to preference given in rankings. · Indian Administrative Service · India Foreign Service · Indian Police Service · Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group - A · Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group - A · Indian Customs and Central Excise Service, Group - A · Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group - A · Indian Revenue Service, Group - A · Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group - A (Assistant Works Manager, non-technical) · Indian Postal Service, Group - A · Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group - A · Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group - A · Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group - A · Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group - A · Posts of Assistant Security Officer, Group - A in Railway Protection Force (RPF) · Indian Defence Estates Service, Group - A · Indian Information Service (Junior Grade), Group - A · Railway Board Secretariat Service (Section Officer's Grade), Group - B · Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service (Section Officer's Grade), Group - B · Customs Appraisers' Service, Group - B · Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service and Police Service, Group - B · Pondicherry Civil Service, Group - B The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers. Scheme of the Examination The successive stages of examination are: · Preliminary Examination for the selection of candidates for the Main Examination · Main Examination (Written) for the selection of candidates for interview for a Personality Test. · Interview (Personality Test) A maximum of 4 attempts is permitted to every candidate and 7 to those belonging to Other Backward Classes. There is no restriction on the number of attempts in the case of SC/ST candidates. All this provided you are still under the age limit. Also it is wiser to be mentally ready for several attempts as cracking the Civil Services Exams is a tough nut to crack the first time around; and if you do qualify you may want to attempt again to improve your ranking and therefore your service allotment. The Preliminary Examination is one of the toughest exams in India and you should not take it lightly even though it is meant to serve as a screening test. This examination is conducted according to the following pattern: PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE I General Studies 2 hrs 150 Objective Type II Optional Subject 2 hrs 300 Objective Type General Studies includes the following: General Science, Current Events of national and international importance, History of India and Indian National Movement, India and World Geography, Indian Polity and Economy and General Mental Ability. Optional Subjects for Preliminary Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, Indian History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics and Zoology. The Main Examination is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of the candidates. The Written Examination in the Main Examination consists of 9 papers and is conducted according to the following pattern: PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE I One Indian language from those included in the Eighth Schedule* of the Constitution 3 hrs 300 Essay Type II English 3 hrs 300 Conventional Type III Essay 3 hrs 200 Essay Type IV&V General Studies 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type VI,VII,VIII & IX Two papers in each of two Optional ** Subjects 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type * Languages are: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu. ** Optional Subjects for the Main Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce & Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science & International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology, Literature of one of the following languages: Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu. Even though the interview carries 300 marks with no minimum qualifying marks, it is the deciding factor at many times of your being within the services or out of it and in the least matters in which service you get. However since the interview is so personal and variable it is most desirable to do very well in the written mains. But an Interview can make or break you so take your personality development rather seriously and make sure to attend some mock interviews at leading institutes. UPSC Interview Questions UPSC Interview questions range from questions about your choice of subject to why you want to join the civil services. It is good to answer honestly but at the same time avoid cliches like wanting to do service to the nation etc. Questions on your hobbies are imperative so prepare well as they expect some indepth knowledge on that. Questions relating to your name, your college or school name are also a big posibility. If someone well-know shares one of these names please also prepare on that. Also learn up about important events on the year or date of your birth. As you can see, UPSC Interview questions are mainly from what you have filled in your form including your subject but here it is more a test of logic and presentation and awareness rather than pure subject knowledge. In the UPSC interview many questions are situational like what will you do if a Tsunami strikes your district and you are the DM/Collector/SP. Questions on your choice of service preference also need to be prepared. Current affairs analysis is important too. Tips to improve your performance at the UPSC Interview · There are generally 5 members at the board with the Chairperson seated at the center. Enter confidently and greet the Chairperson, who will probably welcome you, and pleasantly nod at other members. Wait till you are asked to sit. · Intelligent listing is the mantra, and for this maintaining eye contact is very important. You should not glare but all the same appear attentive and do not glance at other members, it can be very distracting for the interviewer. However if some other member asks you anything, look at that member and answer and turn back to the first - this is what we do in normal attentive listening. · Do not fidget or throw your hands around, or shake your head. Less amount of movement does not mean you should sit unnaturally stiff. Your posture should be attentive and relaxed at the same time. Do not crouch/bend forward or place your hands on the table. · Cut your answer short to the required patience shown by the member talking to you. They usually like to talk more, so listen carefully and think for a few seconds before you start answering the question. This will show that you are organising your thoughts in mind before starting to speak. · Leave some room for difference in opinion. Do take a stand, but do not look adamant or unwilling to appreciate the board's opinion. · Use couple of words from the question while answering any question. It shows you have listened to the question carefully. But at the same time limit the use the technical jargon. · Listen very carefully. Come to the central issue of the enquiry immediately. Wild guessing or speculation are a complete no no. · Do not start evaluating your performance while still inthe interview. Even if you have committed mistakes in the beginning, do not think that you have already lost the game. They are looking for warm, sensitive respectful and attentive youngsters. They know you are good or you would not have come so far. · Talk humbly about your achievements and hobbies. You may have mentioned some hobbies in the form without serious background in them, but before the interview it would be useful to pick up some basic info on the hobby. · Say less to convey more. Less is more these days as per the minimalist creed. Argue logically and generalise correctly. Do not try to read too much between the lines. · Remember, while answering any question, what is easy to see is easy to miss. We often tend to miss the obvious and go for some non-crucial aspect of the subject. · Get up to leave only when the chairperson asks you to, not because you think everyone has asked a question. Similarly, even if someone has not asked a question and the chairperson asks you to leave then please leave. Some members do not ask questions at all, due to various reasons like limited time. · Before leaving politely thank the chairperson and nod at the others politely. Avoid saying "Have a good day sir". A "Thank you Sir/Madam" is enough. The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers. Syllabus: General Studies- Compulsory Preliminary Examination of Civil Services Exam Section-A General Studies · General Science. · Current events of national and international importance · History of India and Indian National Movement · Indian and World Geography · Indian Polity and Economy · General Mental Ability Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events, knowledge of significant national and international events will be tested. In History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects. Questions on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence. In Geography, emphasis will be on Geography of India. Questions on the Geography of India will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country, including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian Polity and Economy will test knowledge of the country’s political system and Constitution of India, Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic developments in India. On general mental ability, the candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities. Top Main Examination of Civil Services Exam The nature and standard of questions in these papers will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate's general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. Paper-I (a) History of Modern India and Indian Culture The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about the middle of nineteenth century and would also include questions on important personalities who shaped the Freedom Movement and Social reforms. The part relating to Indian Culture will cover all aspects of Indian Culture from the ancient to modern times. (b) Geogrphy of India In this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and social geography of India. (c) Indian Polity This part will include questions on the Constitution of India, Political system and related matters. (d) Current National issues and topics of social relevance This part is intended to test the Candidate's awareness of current national issues and topics of social relevance in the present-day India, such as the following. Demography & Human Resource & related issues. Behavioural & Social issues & Social Welfare problems, such as child labour, gender equality, adult literacy, rehabilitation of the handicapped and other deprived segments of the society, drug abuse, public health etc. Law enforcement issues, human rights, corruption in public life, communal harmony etc. Internal Security and related issues. Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of natural resources and national heritage. The role of national institutions, their relevance and need for change. Paper-II (a) India and the World This part is intended to test candidate's awareness of India's relationship with the world in various spheres, such as the following:- · Foreign Affairs · External Security and related matters · Nuclear Policy · Indians abroad (b) Indian Economy In this part, questions will be on the planning and economic development in India, economic & trade issues, Foreign Trade, the role and functions of I.M.F., World Bank, W.T.O. etc. (c) International Affairs & Institutions This part will include questions on important events in world affairs and on international institutions. (d) Developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space In this part, questions will test the candidate's awareness of the developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space and also basic ideas of computers. (e) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams This part will include exercises to test the candidate's ability to draw common sense conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein. Geography- Optional Section-A Physical Geography i) Geomorphology Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes; Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions. ii) Climatology Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Major climatic types. iii) Oceanography Ocean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Nino and La Nino; Waves and tides. iv) Biogeography Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chain; Environmental degradation and conservation. Section-B Human Geography i) Man and Environment Relationship Growth and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism. ii) Population Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migration; population problems of developed and developing countries. iii) Economic Activities Food gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types of agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining, Power; Manufacturing -locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport, communication and services. iv) Settlements Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation; morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and mega-cities. Section-C Geography of the World i) Major Natural Regions : Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation. ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries : Canada, U.S.A., Western Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia, China, Southern Africa and Brazil. iv) Regional Geography of South Asia. Section-D Geography of India i) Physical Setting Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation. ii) Economic Base Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation, agriculture and industries; trade and commerce. iii) Population Growth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics. iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning. Section-E Geographical Thought i) Ancient Period : Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs. ii) Pre-Modern Period : Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter. iii) Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache. iv) Recent Period : Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humanism. Section-F Techniques of Geographical Analysis i) Maps : Scale and types, uses. ii) Diagrams : Types and uses iii) Projections : Types, characteristics and uses. iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) : Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS. Top Main Examination of Civil Services Exam Paper-I Principles of Geography Section-A Physical Geography i) Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; physical conditions of the earth’s interior; geosynclines; continental drift; isostasy; sea-floor spreading; plate tectonics; mountain building; volcanicity; earthquakes; concepts of geomorphic cycles; landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and karst cycle; groundwater; Applied Geomorphology. ii) Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; heat budget of the earth; atmospheric circulation; planetary and local winds; monsoons and jet streams; air masses and fronts; temperate and tropical cyclones; types and distribution of precipitation; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s classification of world climate; hydrological cycle; climatic change. iii) Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; temperature and salinity of the oceans; ocean deposits; ocean currents and tides; marine resources–biotic, mineral and energy resources; coral reefs; sea-level changes. iv) Biogeography : Genesis of soils; classification and distribution of soils; soil profile; soil erosion and conservation; factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; problems of deforestation and conservation measures; social forestry, agro-forestry. v) Environmental Geography : Human ecological adaptations; transformation of nature by man; environmental degradation and conservawtin; ecosystems and their management; global ecological imbalances–problems of pollution, global warming, reduction in bio-diversity and depletion of forests. Section-B Human Geography i) Perspectives in Human Geography : A real differentiation; regional synthesis; dichotomy and dualism; environmentalism; quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; cultural regions of the world human and welfare approaches; cultural regions of the world; human development indicators. ii) Economic Geography : World economic develpment– measurement and problems; world resources and their distribution; energy crisis; the limits to growth; world agriculture–typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; food and nutrition problems; famine–causes, effects and remedies; world industries–location patterns and problems; patterns of world trade. iii) Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population; demographic atrributes; causes and consequencies of migration; concepts of over–, under– and optimum population; world population problems. Types and patterns of rural settlements; hierarchy of urban settlements; concept of primate city and rank- size rule; functional classificatipn of towns; sphere of urban influence; rural-urban fringe; satellite town; problems of urbanisation. iv) Regional Planning : Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of regionalisation; growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; environmental issues in regional planning; planning for sustainable development. v) Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human Geography; Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Rostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers. Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper. Paper-II Geography of India Section-A. i) Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; structure and relief; drainage system and watersheds; physiographic regions; mechanism of Indian monsoons; tropical cyclones and western distrubances; floods and droughts; climatic regions; natural vegetation, soil types and their distributions. ii) Resources : Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, and biotic resources, their distribution, utilisation and conservation; energy crisis. iii) Agriculture : Infrastructure–irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; institutional factors–land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; agro-and social forestry; green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; significance of dry farming; livestock resources and white revolution; blue revolution; agricultural regionalisation; agro-climatic zones. iv) Industry : Evolution of industries; locational factors of cotton, jute, iron and steel, fertiliser, paper, drugs and pharmaceutical, automobile and cottage indusries; industrial complexes and industrial regionalisaiton; new industrial policy; multinationals and liberalisation. v) Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade, trade balance; free trade and export promotion zones; developments in communication technology and its impact on economy and society. Section-B i) Cultural Setting : Racial and ethnic diversities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; role of langague, religion and tradition in the formation of cultural regions; growth, distribution and density of population; demographic attributes–sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio and longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra-regional and international) and associated problems, population problems and policies. ii) Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; urban development; census definition of urban areas; morphology of Indian cities; functional classification of Indian cities; conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; slums and associated problems; town planning; problems of urbanisaiton. iii) Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; integrated rural development programmes; panchayati raj and decentralised planning; command area development; watershed management; planning for backward area, desert drought-prone, hill and tribal area development; multi-level planning; geography and regional planning. iv) Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; state reorganisation; regional consciousness and national integration; international boundary of India and related issues; disputes on sharing of water resources; India and geopolitics of the Indian Ocean. v) Contemporary Issues : Environmental hazards– landslides, earthquakes, floods and droughts, epidemics; issues related to environmental pollution; changes in patterns of land use; principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; population explosion and food security; environmental degradation; problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; regional disparities in economic development; concept of sustainable growth and development. Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper Indian History - Optional Section-A 1. Prehistoric cultures in India 2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline. 3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases. 4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system. 5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism. 6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra. 7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art. 8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organisation of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts. Section-B 9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides. 10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni’s "India". Art and architecture. 11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the "Slave" Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlug's innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes. 13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese. Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture. 14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji. Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture. Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women. 16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language. Section-C 17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitt's India Acts. 18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour. 19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857. 20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences. 21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of "Extremism" and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 - the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916. 22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement- Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army. 23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post - 1945 developments; Partition and Independence. 24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression. Top History Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I Section-A 1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history. 2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence. 3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline. 4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives. 5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras). 6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization. 7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashoka's inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state. 8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts. 10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political histroy of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion. 12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosphical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics. Section-B 13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. " Indian feudalism". Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire. 14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharya's vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization. 15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The "slave" Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. "The Khalji Revolution". Early Sultanate architecture. 16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khalji's conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluq's major "projects". Firuz Tughluq's concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta. 17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south. 18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shah's administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise. 19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). Regional cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire. Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase. 20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology. 21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom. 22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a "trade revolution". Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women. 23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa). 24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizam's Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest. Paper-II Section-A 1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse. 2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and "deindustrialisation", Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organisation). 3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after. 4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform. 5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise; Limited growth of modern industry. 6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919. 7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress' Karachi resolution, 1931. 8. Nationalism under Gandhi's leadership: Gandhi's career, thought and methods of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State People's Movement. 9. Other strands of the National Movement: a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement. 10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam Bharati, Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers' Organisations and Theatre Associations. 11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post- 1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,); Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947. 12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition; Gandhiji's murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours. Section-B 13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas #1. Renaissance Background #2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau #3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe #4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx) 14. Origins of Modern Politics #1. European States System #2. American Revolution and the Constitution. #3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815. #4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists. 15. Industriatization #1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society #2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan #3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese. 16. Nation-State System #1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century #2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy #3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities. 17. Imperialism and Colonialism #1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests) #2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non- settlement: Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia. #3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism 18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution #1. 19th Century European revolutions #2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921 #3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany. #4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949 19. World Wars #1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications #2. World War I : Causes and Consequences #3. World War II : Political Consequence 20. Cold War #1. Emergence of Two Blocs #2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe #3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment 4. UN and Dispute Resolution 21. Colonial Liberation #1. Latin America-Bolivar #2. Arab World-Egypt #3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy #4. South-East Asia-Vietnam 22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment #1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth #2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa 23. Unification of Europe #1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community #2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union. 24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World #1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 #2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992 #3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World #4. Globalization Political Science- Optional Section-A 1. Political Science : Nature & scope of the discipline, relationship with allied disciplines like History, Economics, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology. 2. Meaning of Politics : Approaches to the study of Politics. 3. Key Concepts : State, Soceity, Sovereignty, Power, Citizenship, Nation, Global order and Imperialism. 4. Political Ideas : Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Soceity Swaraj, Revolution, Democratic Participation. 5. Democracy : Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms of Representation & Participation, Political accountability. 6. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism, Fascism, Gandhism. 7. Party System and Political Process : Therories of Party System, National and regional parties, Political Parties in the Third World. Patterns of coalition politics, interest and pressure groups. 8. Forms of Government : Parliamentary and Presidential. Federal & unitary Modes of decentralisation. 9. Bureaucracy Concept : Theories, Weber and critiques of Bureaucracy. 10. Theories of Development : Meaning and various approaches. Concept and Theories of underdevelopment Debates in the Third World. 11. Social Movements : Meaning, Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental Feminist Peasant & workers movements, Role of Non Government organisation. 12. Nationalism and Internationalism : 13. Major theories of International relations : Realist Marxist, Systems & Decision making & Game theory. 14. State & the Global order : Neo-Liberalism, globalisation, structural adjustment, regional economic integration, Nature and Impact of globalisation. Section-B Indian Government and politics 1. Approaches to the study of Governments : Comparative historical, legal institutional, political economy and political sociology, approaches. 2. Classification of Political systems : Democratic and Authoritarian, characteristics of Political systems in the third world. 3. Typologies of constitutions : Basic features of these constitutions & governments : including U.K., USA. France, Germany, China, and South Africa. 4. Constitutional development : in India during British Rule-A historical perspective. 5. Constituent Assembly : philosophical and socio-economic dimensions. Salient features of the Indian Constitution. 6. Nature of Indian federalism : Centre-state relations, legislative, administrative, financial and political; politics of regional move and National Integration. 7. Fundamental Rights : Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judicial Interpretations and socio political realities; Fundamental Duties. 8. The Union Executive : President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, Constitutional provisions & framework and political trends. 9. Parliament : Powers and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha; Parliamentary Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India. 10. The Judiciary : The Supreme Court , Judicial Review Judicial Activism, Public Intrest Litigation; Judicial Reforms. 11. The State Executive : Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers; Constitutional Provisions and Political trends. 12. Indian Party System : Evolution and Contemporay trends; coalition government at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics. 13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business : Previous and now their inter relationship and changing roles in Society, Elites, Role of Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society. 14. Local Government & Politics : Panchayti Raj and Municipal Government, structure power & functions. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74th Amendements, role of women in Panchayats. 15. Bureaucracy and Development : Post-colonial India; its changing role in the context of liberatis after, bureauratic Accountability. 16. Challenges to Indian Democracy : a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalisation and corruption. b) Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty, Population, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalities among backward classes. Top Main Examination of Civil Services Exam Paper-I Political Theory and Indian Politics Section-A 1. Approaches to the study of political theory: historical, normative and empirical. 2. Theories of state: Social contract, Liberal, Neo- liberal, Marxist, communitarian, post-colonial. 3. State Sovereignty: Marxist and pluralistic theories; globalisation and the State. 4. Democracy and Human Rights: Democratic theory- classical and contemporary. Theories of Human Rights; Theories of Justice, Equality and Revolution, political obligation; New Social Movements. 5. Theories of Political Culture; Culture and politics in Third World countries. 6. Theories of Political Economy-Classical and contemporary. 7. Political Ideologies: Nature of Ideology; Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Anarchism. 8. Theories of Power and Hegemony: Pareto, Mosca, Mitchels, C. Wright Mills, Weber, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt. 9. Indian Political Thought: Manu, Kautilya M.N. Roy Gandhi Ambedkar and E V Ramswami Naicker. 10. Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, J S Mill, Hegel and Marx, Lenin, Rosa Luxemberg and Mao Zedong. Section-B Indian Government and Politics 1. Indian Nationalism: Dadabhai Naoroji, Tilak, Savarkar, Gandhi, Jayaprakash Narain, Nehru, Subhas Bose, Ambedkar, Ram Manohar Lohia. 2. Nature and struggle of Indian freedom struggle : From constitutionalism to Mass Satyagraha, Revolutionary movements Non Co-operation, Civil disobedience and Quit India, Indian Naval uprising, Indian National Army; role of women in freedom struggle. 3. Socio- economic dimensions of the nationalist movement: The communal question and the demand for partition; backward caste movements, Trade union and Peasant movements, Civil rights movement. 4. Landmarks in Constitutional Development during British Rule: Morley-Minto Reforms; Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms; Simon Commission; Government of India Act, 1935; Cripps Mission : Indian Independence Act, 1947. 5. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; federalism, parliamentary system; amending procedures; judicial review. 6. The Executive System in theory and practice: President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; Governor, Chief Minister and the State Council of Ministers. The Bureaucracy. 7. Role and function of the Parliament and Parlimentary Committee-Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha; changing socio economic profile. 8. The Supreme Court and the High Courts; Judicial Activism; PIL. 9. Statutory institutions/commis sions-UPSC, Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Backward Classes Commission, National Commission for women; National Human Rights Commission; Minorities Commission. 10. Party system : ideology and social base of parties; fragmentation and regionalisation. Pressure groups; patterns of coalition politics; trends in electoral behaviour. 11. Class, caste, ethnicity and gender in Indian politics; politics of regionalism, communalism, backward class and Dalit movements, Tribal people movements, struggle for gender justice. 12. Planning and Economic Development : Role of the Planning Commission; Planning in the era of liberalisation; political dimensions of economic reforms. 13. Grassroots democracy : Panchayati Raj and municipal government; significance of 73rd and 74th Amendements. Grass root movement and women's empowerment. Paper - II Comparative Politics and International Relations Section-A Comparative Analysis and International Politics 1. Approaches to the study of comparative politics : traditional approaches; political economy, political sociology or political system approaches; Nature of political process in the Third World. 2. The Modern State : Evolution, the contemporary trends in the advanced industrial countries and the third world. 3. Development : Strategies and contemporary discourse. 4. Concepts of International politics : Power, national interest, balance of power, national security, collective security and peace. 5. Theories of International politics Marxist, Realist, Systems, Decision-making and Game Theory. 6. Determinants of foreign policy : Domestic compulsions, geopolitics, geoeconomics and global order. 7. Origin and contemporary relevance of the Cold War, nature of the post-cold war global order. 8. Major issues of world politics : Cuban Missile Crisis; Vietnam War, Oil Crisis, Afghan Civil War, Gulf War, Collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslav Crisis. 9. Non-alignment : Concept and movement; Third World Movements for global justice, Non-alignment in the post cold war era. 10. The evolution of the international economic system-from Bretton woods to WTO, the North-South dimension. 11. International organisations UN and its specialized agencies : International Court of Justice; ILO, UNICEF, WHO UNESCO. 12. Regional, organizations such as the ASEAN, APEC, EU, SAARC, NAFTA 13. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, Human Rights, Ecology, Gender Justice, Global commons, Communication. Section-B India and the World 1. Indian Foreign Policy : Historical origins, determinants; the institutions of policy-making; continuity and change. 2. India and the Non-Alignment Movement : Evolution and contemporary relevance. Socio- political basis of non-alignment-domestic and global. 3. Major issues in Indian foreign policy : Sino-Indian Border War (1962); Indo-Pakistan War (1971) and the liberation of Bangladesh; IPKF in Sri Lanka; India as military nuclear power (1998). 4. Conflict and co-operation in South Asia : India's relations with Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal. Regional co-operation and SAARC. Kashmir question in India's foreign policy. 5. India's relation with Africa and Latin America. 6. India and South East Asia; ASEAN. 7. India and the major powers : USA, EU, China, Japan and Russia. 8. India and the UN System : India's role in UN Peace Keeping and global disarmament. 9. India and the emerging international economic order; multilateral agencies-WTO, IMF, IBRD, ADB. 10. India and the question of nuclear weapons : NPT and CTBT Sociology - Optional Unit I : Basic Concepts : Society, community, association, institution. Culture- culture change, diffusion, Cultural-tag, Cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, acculturation. Social Groups-primary, secondary and reference groups. Social structure, social system, social action. Status and role, role conflict, role set. Norms and values-conformity and deviance. Law and customs. Socio-cultural processes : socialisation, assimilation, integration, cooperation, competition, conflict, accommodation, Social distance, relative deprivation. Unit II : Marriage, Family and Kinship : Marriage : types and norms, marriage as contract, and as a sacrament. Family : types, functions and changes. Kinships : terms and usages, rules of residence, descent, inheritance. Unit III : Social Stratification : Forms and functions; Caste and Class. Jajmani system, purity and pollution, dominant caste, sanskritisation. Unit IV : Types of Society : Tribal, agrarian, industrial and post-industrial. Unit V : Economy and Society : Man, nature and social production, economic systems of simple and complex societies, non-economic determinants of economic behaviour, market (free) economy and controlled (planned) economy. Unit VI : Industrial and Urban Society : Rural-Urban Continuum, urban growth and urbanisation-town, city and metropolis; basic features of industrial society; impact of automation on society; industrialisation and environment. Unit VII : Social Demography : Population size, growth, composition, and distribution in India; components of population growth-births, deaths and migration; causes and consequences of population growth; population and social development; population policy. Unit VIII : Political Processes : Power, authority and legitimacy; political socialisation; political modernisation, pressure groups; caste and politics. Unit IX : Weaker Sections-and Minorities : Social justice-equal opportunity and special opportunity; protective discrimination; constitutional safeguards. Unit X : Social Change : Theories of change; factors of change; science, technology and change. Social movements- Peasant Movement, Women's Movement, Backward Caste Movement, Dalit Movement. Top Sociology Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I General Sociology/Foundations of Sociology/Fundamentals of Sociology 1. Sociology-The Discipline : Sociology as a science and as an interpretative discipline; impact of industrial and French Revolution on the emergence of sociology; sociology and its relationship with history, economics, political science, psychology and anthropology. 2. Scientific Study of Social Phenomena : Problem of objectivity and value neutrality; issue of measurement in social science; elements of scientific method-concepts, theory and fact, hypothesis; research designs-descriptive, exploratory and experimental 3. Techniques of data collection and analysis : Participant and quasi-participant observation; interview, questionnaire and schedule case study, sampling-size, reliability and validity, scaling techniques-social distance and Likert scale. 4. Pioneering contributions to Sociology: a) Karl Marx : Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation and class struggle. b) Emile Durkheim : Division of labour, social fact, religion and society. c) Max Weber : Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. d) Talcott Parsons : Social system, pattern variables. e) Robert K. Merton : Latent and manifest functions, anomie, conformity and deviance, reference groups. 5. Marriage and Family : Types and forms of marriage; family-structure and function; personality and socialization; Social control; family, lineage, descent and property; changing structure of family marriage and sex roles in modern society; divorce and its implications; gender issues; role conflicts. 6. Social Stratification : Concepts-hierarchy, inequality and stratification; theories of stratification-Marx, Davis and Moore and Melvin Tumin's critique; forms and functions; class- different conceptions of class; class-in-itself and class- for-itself; caste and class; caste as a class. 7. Social Mobility : Types of mobility-open and closed models; intra-and inter-generational mobility; vertical and horizontal mobility; social mobility and social change. 8. Economic System : Sociological dimensions of economic life; the impact of economic processes on the larger society; social aspects of division of labour and types of exchange; features of pre-industrial and industrial economic system; industrialisation and social change; social determinants of economic development. 9. Political System : The nature of power-personal power, community power, power of the elite, class power, organisational power, power of the un-organised masses; authority and legitimacy; pressure groups and political parties; voting behaviour; modes of political participation- democratic and authoritarian forms. 10. Educational System : Education and Culture; equality of educational opportunity; social aspects of mass education; problems of universalisation of primary education; role of community and state intervention in education; education as an instrument of social control and social change; education and modernisation. 11. Religion : Origins of religious beliefs in pre-modern socieites; the sacred and the profane; social functions and dysfunctions of religion; monistic and pluralistic religion; organised and unorganised religions; semitism and antisemitism; religion, sect and cults; magic, religion and science. 12. Science & Technology : Ethos of science; social responsibility of science; social control of science; social consequences of science and technology; technology and social change. 13. Social Movements : Concepts of social movements; genesis of social movements; ideology and social movement; social movement and social change; types of social movements. 14. Social change and Development : Continuity and change as fact and as value; theories of social change-Marx, Parsons and Sorokin; direted social change; social policy and social development. Paper-II Study of Indian Society 1. Historical Moorings of the Indian Society : Traditional Hindu social organisation; socio-cultural dynymics through the ages; impact of Buddhism, Islam, and the West, factors in continuity and change. 2. Caste System : Origin of the caste system; cultural and structural views about caste; mobility in caste; caste among Muslims and Christians; change and persistence of caste in modern India; issues of equality and social justice; views of Gandhi and Ambedkar on caste; caste on and Indian polity; Backward Classes Movement; Mandal Commission Report and issues of social backwardness and social justice; emergence of Dalit consciousness. 3. Class Structure : Class structure in India, agrarian and industrial class structure; emergence ofmiddle class; emergence of classes among tribes; elite formation in India. 4. Marriage, Family and Kinship: Marriage among different ethnic groups, its changing trends and its future; family-its structural and functional aspects-its changing forms; regional variations in kinship systems and its socio-cultural correlates; impact of legislation and socio-economic change on marriage and family; generation gap. 5. Agrarian Social Structure : Peasant society and agrarian systems; land tenure systems-historical perspectives, social consequences of land reforms and green revolution; feudalism-semi- feudalism debates; emerging agrarian class structure; agrarian unrest. 6. Industry and Society : Path of industrialisation, occupational diversification, trade unions and human relations; market economy and its social consequences; economic reforms liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. 7. Political Processes : Working of the democratic political system in a traditional society; political parties and their social base; social structural origins of political elites and their orientations; regionalism, pluralism and national unity; decentralisation of power; panchayati raj and nagarpalikas and 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. 8. Education : Directive Principles of State Policy and primary education; education; educational inequality and change; education and social mobility; the role of community and state intervention in education; universalisation of primary education; Total Literacy Campaigns; educational problems of disadvantages groups. 9. Religion and Society : Size, growth and regional distribution of different religious groups; educational levels of different groups; problems of religious minorities; communal tensions; secularism; conversions; religious fundamentalism. 10. Tribal Societies : Distinctive features of tribal communities and their geographical spread; problems of tribal communities- land alienation, poverty, indebetedness, health and nutrition, education; tribal development efforts after independence; tribal policy-isolation, assimilation and integration; issues of tribal identity. 11. Population Dynamics : Population size, growth, composition and distribution; components of population growth; birth rate, death rate and migration; determinants and consequences of population growth; issues of age at marriage, sex ratio, infant mortality rate; population policy and family welfare programmes. 12. Dimensions of Development : Strategy and ideology of planning; poverty, indebtedness and bonded labour; strategies of rural development-poverty alleviation programmes; environment, housing, slums, and unemployment; programmes for urban development. 13. Social Change : Endogenous and exogenous sources of change and resistance toc hange; processes of change- sanskritisation and modernisation; agents of change- mass media, education and communication; problems of change and modernisation; structural contradictions and breakdowns. 14. Social Movements : Reform Movements : Arya Samaj, Satya Sadhak Samaj, Sri Narayanguru Dharma Paripalana Sabha, and Ram Krishna Mission. Peasant movements-Kisan Sabha, Telengana, Naxalbari. Backward Castes Movement : Self-respect Movement, backward castes mobilisation in North India. 15. Women and society : Demographic profile of women; special problems- dowry, atrocities, discrimination; existing programmes for women and their impact. Situational analysis of children; child welfare programmes. 16. Social Problems : Prostitution, AIDS, alcoholism, drug addiction, corruption. Indian Public Administration - Optional . Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of the discipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration. Public and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New Pubic Administration. New Public Management perspective. 2. Basic concepts and principles : Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of command, Span of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization and Decentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff. 3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Managment Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioral Approach, Systems approach. 4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H. Simon, communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation (Maslow and Herzberg) 5. Accountability and Control : The concepts of Accountability and control : Legislative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role of civil society, people's participation and Right to Information. 6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Britain, France and Japan. 7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies; position classification, Recuritment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Service conditions. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics. 8. Financial Administration : Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation and execution of budget, deficit financing and public debt, Accounts and Audit. 9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy : Constitutional context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister's Office, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; Election Commission; Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises: Patterns, role performance and impact of liberalization. 10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Services. Union Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specialists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship. 11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role. 12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Main features, structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendements. Top Public Administration Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I Administrative theory Section-A I Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Public and Private Administration, Wilson's vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration. Public choice approach and New Public Management perspective. Features of Entrepreneurial Government, Good Governance : concept and application. II Theories of Administration : Nature and typologies; Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Management Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others), Bureaucratic Theory. (Marxist view, Weber's model and its critique, post- Weberian developments.) Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and (C.I. Barnard) Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and and others). Behavioral Approach to Organizational Analysis. Participative Management; (McGregor, Likert and others). The Systems Approach; Open and closed systems. III Structure of public organisations : Typologies of Political Executive and their functions. Forms of public organizations : Ministries and Departments : Corporations; Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and Advisory bodies. Headquarters and field relationships. IV Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to Herbert Simon, Theories of Leadership, Communication, Morale, Motivation (Maslow and Herzberg.) V Accountability and Control : Concepts of Accountability and Control; Legislative Executive and Judicial Control over Administration. Citizen and Administration, Role of civil society, people's participation, Right to information. Administrative corruption, machinery for redressal of citizens' grievances. Citizens Charter. VI Administrative Law : Meaning and significance. Delegated Legislation : Types, Advantages, Limitations, Safeguards, Administrative Tribunals : limitations and methods of ensuring effectiveness. Section-B VII Administrative Reforms : Meaning, process and obstacles. Techniques of administrative improvement : O and M; Work Study and Work Management, Information Technology. VIII Comparative Public Administration : Meaning, nature and scope. Models of Comparative Public Administration : Bureaucratic and ecological. IX Development Administration : Origin and purpose, Rigg's Prismatic-Sala Model; Bureaucracy and Development; Changing profile of Development Administration; new directions in people's self development and empowerment. X Public Policy : Relevance of Policy making in Public Administration. Model of Policy-making Sectoral policies (e.g. Energy, Industries Education and Transport Policies) Process of Policy formulation, problems of implementation, feed-back and evaluation. XI Personnel Administration : Objectives of Personnel Administration. Importance of human resource development. Recruitment, training, career development, position classification, discipline, Performance Appraisal, Promotion, Pay and Service Conditions; employer- employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism integrity and code of conduct. XII Financial administration : Monetary and fiscal policies. Resource mobilisation : tax and non-tax sources. Public borrowings and public debt. Concepts and types of budget. Preparation and execution of the budget. Deficit financing Performance budgeting. Legislative control, Accounts and Audit. Paper-II Indian Administration Section-A 1. Evolution of Indian Administration Kautilya, Mughal period, British legacy. 2. Constitutional framework value premises of the Constitution, Parliamentary democracy, federalism, Planning. Human Rights : National Human Rights Commission. 3. Union Government and Administration President Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister's Office, Central Secretariat, Ministries and Departments, Advisory Bodies, Boards and Commissions, Field Organizations. 4. State Government and Administration–Governor, Chief Minsiter, Council of Ministers, Chief Secretary, State Secretariat Directorates. 5. District Administration Changing role of the District Collector : Law and Order and Development Management. Relationship with functional departments. District administration and the Panchayati Raj institutions. Role and functions of the Sub-Divisional Officer. 6. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Government. Structures, Functions, finances. Main features of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendements : Problems of implementation. Major rural and urban development programmes and their management. 7. Public Sector : Forms of public undertakings. Their contribution to the economy; problems of autonomy and accountability. Changing role of the Public Sector in the context of liberalisation. Section-B 8 Public Services : All India Services Constitutional position , role and functions. Central Services : nature and functions. Union Public Service Commission. State Services and the State Public Service Commissions. Training in the changing context of governance. 9. Control of Public Expenditure. Parliamentary control Estimates Committee, Public Accounts Committee, Committee on Public Undertakings, Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Role of the Finance Ministry in monetary and fiscal policy area, co-ordination and economy in expenditure. 10. Administrative Reforms : Reforms since independence. Reports of the Administrative Reforms Commission, Problems of implementation. 11. Machinery for Planning : Role, composition and review of functions of the Planning Commission; Role of the National Development Council. Process of Plan formulation at Union and State levels. Decentralized planning. 12. Administration of Law and Order : Role of Central and State Agencies in maintenance of law and order. Criminalisation of politics and administration. 13. Welfare Administration : Machinery for welfare administration at the national and state levels. Central Social Welfare Board and the State, Social Welfare Boards. Special organizations for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Welfare Programmes for women and children. Problems of child labour. Role of civil society. 14. Major issues in Indian Administration : problems of Centre-State Relations; Relationship between political and permanent Executives. Values in Public Service and Administrative Culture. Lok Pal and Lok Ayuktas. Development and environmental issues. Impact of information Technology on Public Administration. Indian Administration and Globalisation. Indian Psychology - Optional . Introduction to psychology : Concept and definition of psychology. Nature and Scope. Branches of psychology. Application of psychology to soceity and social problems. 2. Methods in Psychology : Characteristics of psychological studies, Observation. Survey method, Clinical and case study method. Experimental method. Application of the method. 3. Quantitive Analysis : Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlation. Levels of measurement. Reliability and validity. Application in test construction. 4. Physiological Psychology : Structure of neuron, nerve impulses, synapse and neurotransmitters. Central and peripheral nervous system-structure and neural control of behaviour. Hemispheric specialisation. Endocrine system and hormonal control of behaviour. Application of hemispheric knowledge to diagnostic purposes. 5. Development of human behaviour : Individual Differences : Heredity and environment. Life span developent. Role of early experience and mastering of developmental tasks. Sensitive or critical periods of development in human life cycle and its application. 6. Perception : Preceptual processes. Perceputal organsiation. Perception of form, colour, depth and time. Perceptual readiness and constancy. Role of motivation, social and cultural factors in perception. Application of knowledge of perception to skill development (e.g. for certain jobs like that of driving, airline pilots etc.) 7. Learning : Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Modeling and observational learning. Transfer of training. Learing and motivation. Application of the above to the improvement of academic performance in education. 8. Memory : Physiological basis of memory. Memory and forgetting. Measurement of memory (Recall, Recognition, Relearning). Short term and long term memory. Theories of forgetting (Decay and Interference theories and Repressive forgetting). Application of Mnemonic devices etc, to improving memory. 9. Cognition and Language : Concept of formation. Nature and development of thinking. Language and thought and acquisition of language. Problem solving. Creative thinking and its applications. 10. Intelligence and Aptitude : Definition and concept. Theories and models of Intelligence. Measurement of intelligence and aptitude. Exceptional intelligence. Mental retardation. Concepts of multiple, emotional and artificial intelligence and their application. 11. Motivation and Emotion : Definition and concept of instinct, needs, drives and motives. Theories of motivation and their application (drive reduction theory, Maslow's motivational hierarchy). Social motivation: Achievement, power, affiliation motives and influence of early experiences. Physiological basis of emotion. Theories of emotion (James-Lange and Cannon-Brad theories, cognitive physiological theory). 12. Personality : Concepts and Definition of personality. Sutdy of personality (Trait, type and eclectic approaches) Development of personality (Freud, Erikson, Biological and socio-cultural determinants). Measurement of Personality (Projective tests, pencil- paper tests). Application of personality profiles in fitting a person to a job. 13. Adjustment and Stress : Concept and definition. Factors affecting adjustment (frustration and conflict). Sources of stress and reactions to stress. Coping with stress. Application of stress management techniques. 14. Social Behaviour : Socio-cultural factors and behaviour. Development of attitudes, stereotypes and prejudice, Measurement of Attidutes (Thurstone, Likert attitude scale and Bogardus Social Distance scale). Strategies for reducing prejudice and changing atitude. Person perception, implicit personality theory and integrating impressions. Application of person perception to impression management. 15. Application of Psychology : Health and mental health (yoga, meditation and relaxation therapies). Education (Programmed learning,. self instructional learning and learning styles). Community (self help through group cohesiveness and leadership). Industry (Assessment centre approach in selection, recruitment and training). Environment (man-nature interaction, personal space concept, pollution reduction) Information technology (Application to commercial, educational and health areas). Top Psychology (Optional) Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I Foundations of Psychology Section-A 1. Introduction : Psychology as a Science : Definitions and perspective. Psychology in relation to other social and natural sciences. Use of interdiciplinary approach. 2. Methods of Psychology : Characteristics and components of methods in psychology (induction, deduction and introspection). Observation, Survey, Laboratory and field experiments. Clinical and Case study. Experimental and quasi experimental methods. 3. Research methods and quantitative analysis : Major steps in psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report writing). Fundamental versus applied research. Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical techniques (t- test, one-way ANOVA correlation and regression and chi-square tests). 4. Development of Human Behaviour : The nature, origin and development. Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour. Influence of cultural factors and socialisation. Life span development-the critical periods and their handling, Mastery of the developmental tasks. Influence of child rearing practices and its impact on the growth and development of the individual, concept of national character. 5. Attention and perception : Attention - factors, influencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus. Sensation-concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, signal detection and vigilance. Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception. Perceptual organisation-influence of past experiences, Perceptual defence-factors influencing. Space and depth perception, size estimation and perceptual readiness. 6. Learning : Concepts and theories of learning (Pavlov, Skimer and Piaget). The processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning, probability learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of reinforcement. Modelling and social learning. 7. Memory : Concepts and definition of memory and forgetting, 7+/-2 concept and clumking Encoding, storage and retrieval. Factors influencing retention and foregetting. Theories of forgetting (Repression, Decay and Interference theories). The concept of reminiscence. Section-B 8. Thinking and Problem Solving : Concept formation processes. Reasoning and problem solving. Creative thinking and fostering creativity. Information processing. Decision making and judgment. 9. Intelligence and Aptitude : Concept and definition of Intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence. Measurement of Intelligence and aptitude Concepts and measurement of emotional and multiple intelligence. 10. Motivation and Emotion : Definition and concepts. Theories and physiological basis of motivation and emotion. Measurement of motivation and emotion Motivation and emotion-their effects on behaviour. 11. Personality : Concept and definition of personality. Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, socio- cultural, interpersonal and developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and type approaches). Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil- paper test). The Indian approach to Personality. Training for personality development. 12. Language and Communication : Human language- properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition-predisposition, critical period hypothesis. Theories of language development (Skinner, Chomsky), Process and types of communication. Effective communication and training. 13. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions, concepts of attitudes, values and interests. Components ofattitudes, values and interests. Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests. Theories of attitudes, and attitudes changes, strategies for fostering values. 14. Recent Trends : Computer application in the Psychological laboratory and psychological testing. Artificial Intelligence. Psychocybernetics. Study of consciousness-sleep-wake schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states. Extrasensory perception. Intersensory perception Simulation studies. Paper-II Psychology : Issues and Applications Section-A 1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Diference : The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests. Types of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests. 2. Well being and Mental Disorders : Concept of health, positive health, well being and ill health. Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophernia and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders). Causal factors in mental disorders. Factors influencing positive health, well being, life style and quality of life. 3. Therapeutic Approaches : Psychody-namic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Reiki, Meditation) Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill. 4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour : Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource development. Theories of work motivation. Leadership and participatory management. Advertising and marketing. 5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field : Psychological principles underlying effective teaching- learning process.Learning styles Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement. Personality development and value education, Educational, vocational guidance and Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions. 6. Communty Psychology : Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Role of community psychologists in social change. Use of small groups in social action. Arousing community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and leadership for social change. 7. Rehabilitation Psychology : Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes-role of psychologists. Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabiliation of HIV/.AIDS victims. Section-B 8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups : The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation and socially deprived. Social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development. 9. Psychological and the problem of social integration : The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices. Measures to achieve social integration. 10. Application of psychology in Information Technology and Mass media : The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Selection and training of psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepre neurship through e-commerce. Multilevel marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology. 11. Application of Psychology in the field of Defence : The concept of Military psychology, Aviation psychology and Psychological warfare Role of Military psychologists in the defence. Selection, recruitment and training of personnel. Facilitating the process of adjustment of personnel to military life-Role of Counselling. Devising Psychological tests for defence personnel. Psychological disorders due to war. Human engineering in Defence. 12. Psychology and Economic development : Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development. Women Entrepreneurs. Consumer rights and consumer courts. 13. Application of psychology to environment and related fields : Environmental psychology-effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population psychology- psychological consequences of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small family norms. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment. 14. Other applications of psychology : Sports psychology-improving performance of sports, personnel, psychology and understanding of political behaviour. Voting behaviours. Psychology of corruption and strategies to deal with Psychology of terrorism. Indian Physics – Optional 1. Mechanics and Waves Dimensional analysis. Newton's laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum, theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitaional potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central forces, Kepler's problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, Poiseuille's equation. Applications of Bernoulli's equation and Stokes' law. Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation. Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications. 2. Geometrical and Physical Optics. Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics- thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes. Huygens' principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction-half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly, circularly and elliptically polarised light. Double refraction, quarter- waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets. Optical activity and applications. Rayleigh scattering and applications. Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light- spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams and applciations. 3. Heat and Thermodynamics Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Trasport phenomena. Andrew's experiements-van der Waals equation and applications. Joule-Kelvin effect and applications. Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoff's laws. Black- body radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy, Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law. 4. Electricity and Magnetism Electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, Gauss' law. Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications to two-loop circuits. Magnietic field-Gauss'law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot- Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law of induction., Lenz's law. Inductance. Alternating current circuits-RC, LR, single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits. Displacement current, Maxwell's equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves, energy transport and Poynting vector. 5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics Photoelectric effect, Einstein's photon theory. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum, electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum, Bragg's law, Bohr's theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave- particle duality. Heisenberg's uncertainty relationships. Schroedinger's equation-eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions. 6. Electronics Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas of semiconductors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode, transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers. Top Physics (Optional) Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I Section-A 1. Classical Mechanics (a) Particle dynamics Centre of mass and laboratory coordinates, conservation of linear and angular momentum. The rocket equation. Rutherford scattering, Galilean transformation, intertial and non-inertial frames, rotating frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum. (b) System of particles Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates and momenta. Lagrange's equation and applications to linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and central force problems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamilitonian Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's principle. (c) Rigid body dynamics Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of inertia. Euler's equation of motion of a rigid body, force-free motion of a rigid body. Gyroscope. 2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics (a) Special Relativity Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications. Lorentz transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Minkowski diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covariance of equations of physics. (b) Waves Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and group velocities. Reflection and Refraction from Huygens' principle. (c) Geometrical Optics Laws of relfection and refraction from Fermat's principle. Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations. 3. Physical Optics (a) Interference Interference of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and Fabry- Perot interferometer. Holography and simple applications. (b) Diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction: - half-period zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals. Application of Cornu's spiral to the analysis of diffraction at a straight edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern. (c) Polarisation and Modern Optics Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarised light. Double refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers- Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation. Section-B 4. Electricity and Magnetism (a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics Laplace ad Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications. Energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential. Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to bounary- value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magentic shell, uniformly magnetised sphere. Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss. (b) Current Electricity Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, Lenz' law. Self-and mutual-inductances. Mean and rms values in AC circuits. LR CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principal of transformer. 5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation (a) Electromagnetic Theory Displacement current and Maxwell's equatons. Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz and Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell's equations. Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics. Fresnel's relations. Normal and anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering. (b) Blackbody radiation Balckbody radiation and Planck radiation law- Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien displacement law and Rayleigh- Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck length, Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy. 6. Thermal and Statistical Physics (a) Thremodynamics Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy. Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy change. Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical potential. van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye's theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell relations and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule- Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases. (b) Statistical Physics Saha ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condenssation. Thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas about neutron stars and pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process. Concept of negative temperatures. Paper-II Section-A 1. Quantum Mechanics I Wave-particle dualitiy. Schroedinger equation and expectation values. Uncertainty principle. Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step and by a rectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for the life-time calcuation in the alpha-decay problem. 2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics (a) Quantum Mechanics II Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals. The angular meomentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and properties of Pauli spin matrices. (b) Atomic Physics Stern-Gerlack experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom. L-S coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect. Frank-Condon principle and applications. 3. Molecular Physics Elementary theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Raman effect and molecular structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Elementary theory and applications of NMR. Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance. Section-B 4. Nuclear Physics Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas. Ground state of a deuteron magnetic moment and non- central forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces. Shell model of the nucleus- success and limitations. Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion. Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q- value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors. 5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics (a) Particle Physics Classification of elementary particles and their interactions. Conservation laws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions. Elementary ideas about Unification of Forces. Physics of neutrinos. (b) Solid State Physics Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids- conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications. Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity. 6. Electronics Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan's laws, Logic gates and truth tables., Simple logic circuits. Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers. Indian Economics - Optional General Economics 1) Micro-economics : (a) Production : Agents of Production; Costs and Supply; Isoquants (b) Consumption and Demand; Elasticity concept (c) Market Structure and concepts of equilibrium; (d) Determination of prices; (e) Components and Theories of Distribution (f) Elementary concepts of Welfare economics : Pareto-optimality-Private and social products-consumers surplus. 2) Macro-economics : (a) National Income concepts; (b) Determinants of National Income Employment (c) Determinants of consumption, savings and Investment (d) Rate of Interest and its determination (e) Interest and profit. 3) Money, Banking and Public Finance : (a) Concepts of Money and measures of money supply; velocity of money (b) Banks and credit creation; Banks and portfolio management. (c) Central Bank and control over money supply (d) Determination of the price level. (e) Inflation, its causes and remedies. (f) Public, Finance-Budgets-Taxes and non-tax revenues-Types of Budget deficits. 4) International Economics : (a) Theories of International Trade-comparative costs-Heckscher- Ohlin-Gains from Trade-Terms of Trade. (b) Free Trade and Protection. (c) Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment. (d) Exchange rate under free exchange markets. (e) Evolution of the International Monetary System and World Trading order-Gold Standard-the Brettonwoods system. IMF and the World Bank and their associates. Floating rates-GATT and WTO (5) Growth and Development : (a) Meaning and measurement of growth; Growth, distribution and Welfare; (b) Characteristics of underdevelopment; (c) Stages of Development; (d) Sources of growth-capital, Human capital, population, productivity, Trade and aid, non-economic factors; growth Strategies, (e) Planning in a mixed economy-Indicative planning- Planning and growth. (6) Economic Statistics : Types of averages-measures of dispersion-correlation-Index numbers; types, uses and limitations. Part-II Indian Economics 1. Main features; Geographic size-Endowment of natural resources, Population; size, composition quality and growth trend-Occupational distribution- Effects of British Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy. 2. Major problems, their dimensions, nature and broad causes; Mass poverty-Unemployment and its types- Economics effects of population pressure-Inequality and types thereof-Low productivity and low per capita income, Rural-urban disparities-Foreign Trade and payments imbalances. Balance of Payments and External Debt- Inflation, and parallel economy and its effects-Fiscal deficit. 3. Growth in income and employment since Independence-Rate, Pattern, Sectoral trends- Distributional Changes-Regional disparities. 4. Economic Planning in India : Major controversies on planning in India-Alternative strategies-goals and achievements, shortfalls of different plans-planning and the Market. 5. Broad Fiscal, monetary, industrial trade and agricultural policies-objectives, rationale, constraints and effects. Top Economics (Optional) Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I 1. Ricardian, Marshallian and Walrasain approaches to price determination. Types of Markets and price determination. Criteria or Welfare improvement. Alternate theories of distribution. 2. Functions of money-Measurement of price level changes-Money and real balances-Monetary standards-High-powered money and the Quantity theory of money, its variants and critiques thereof- Demand for and supply of money-The money multiplier. Theories of determination of interest rate- Interest and prices-Theories of inflation and control of inflation. 3. Full employment and Says' Law-underemployment equilibrium-Keynes' Theory of employment (and income) determination-Critiques of Keynesian Theory. 4. The modern monetary system-Banks, non-bank financial intermediaries, Discount House, and Central Bank. Structure of Money and financial markets and control. Money market instruments, bills and bonds. Real and nominal interest rates. Goals and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money. 5. Public finance and its role in market economy in stabilisation, supply stability, allocative efficiency, distribution and development. Sources of revenue- Forms of Taxes and subsidies, their incidence and effects; Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects, and limits to borrowing. Types of budget deficits- Public expenditure and its effects. 6. International Economics (i) Old and New theories of International Trade. a) Comparative advantage, Terms of trade and offer curve. b) Product cycle and Strategic trade theories. c) "Trade as an engine of growth" and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy. (ii) Forms of protection. (iii) Balance of Payments Adjustments Alternative Approaches. a) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates. b) Theories of policy mix. c) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility. d) Floating Rates and their implications for developing countries; Currency Boards. (iv) (a) IMF and the World Bank. (b) W.T.O. (c) Trade Blocks and monetary unions. 7. Growth and development. (i) Theories of growth : Classical and neo-classical theories; The Harrod model; economic development under surplus Labour; wage-goods as a constraint on growth; relative importance of physical and human capitals in growth; innovations and development; Productivity, its growth and source of changes thereof. Factors determining savings to income ratio and the capital-out put ratio. (ii) Main features of growth : Changes in Sectoral compositions of income; Changes in occupational distribution; changes in income distribution; changes in consumption levels and patterns; changes in savings and investment and in pattern of investment. Case for and against industralization. Significance of agriculture in developing countries. (iii) Relation between state, planning and growth, Changing roles of market and plans in growth economic policy and growth. (iv) Role of foreign capital and technology in growth. The significance of multi-nationals. (v) Welfare indicators and measures of growth-Human development indices-The basic needs approach. (vi) Concept of sustainable development; convergence of levels of living of developed and developing countries; meaning of self-reliance in growth and development. Paper-II I. Evolution of the Indian Economy till independence. The Colonial Heritage : Land System & Agriculture, Taxes, Money and credit, Trade, Exchange Rate, the "Drain of Wealth controversy" of late 19th Century. Randade's critique of Laissez-Faire; Swadeshi movement; Gandhi and Hind Swaraj. II. Indian Economics in Post-Independent Era- Contributions of Vakil, Gadgil and Rao. National and percapita Income; Patterns, Trends, Aggregate and sectoral-composition and changes therein. Broad factors determining National Income and its distribution; Measures of poverty. Trends in below poverty-line proportion. III. Employment : Factors determining employment in short and long periods. Role of capital, wage-goods, wage-rate and technology. Measures of unemployment. Relation between income, poverty and employment, and issues of distribution and social justice. Agriculture-Institutional set-up of land system size of agricultre holdings and efficiency-Green Revolution and technological changes-Agricultural prices and terms of trade-Role of public distribution and farm- subsidies on agricultural prices and production. Employment and poverty in agriculture-Rural wages- employment schemes-growth experience-land reforms. Regional disparities in agricultural growth. Role of Agriculture in export. IV. Industry : Industrial system of India : Trends in Composition and growth. Role of public and private sectors, Role of small and cottage industries. Indian industrial Strategy-Capital versus consumer goods, wage-goods versus luxuries, capital-intensive versus labour-intensive techniques, import-substituting versus export promotion. Sickness and high-cost Industrial policies and their effects. Recent moves for liberalisation and their effects on Indian industry. V. Money and banking : The monetary institutions of India: Factors determining demand for and supply of money. Sources of Reserve money-money multiplier- Techniques of money supply regulation under open economy. Functioning of money market in India. Budget deficit and money supply. Issues in Reform of Monetary and Banking Systems. VI. Index numbers of price levels-Course of Price level in post-Independence period-sources and causes of inflation-role of monetary and supply factors in price level determination-policies towards control of inflation. Effects of inflation under open economy. VII. Trade, balance of payments and exchange : Foreign trade of India; composition and direction shifts in trade policy from import substituion to export promotion. Impact of liberalisation on pattern of trade. India's external Borrowings-the Debt problem. Exchange rate of the rupee; Devaluations, depreciations and their effects on balance of payments-Gold imports and Gold policy-convertibility on current and capital accounts-rupee in an open economy. Integration of Indian economy with world economy-India and the WTO. VIII. Public Finance and Fiscal Policy : Characteristics of and trends in India's Public Finance-Role of Taxes, (direct and indirect) and subsidies-Fiscal and monetary deficits-public expenditures and their significance-Public Finance and Inflation-Limiting Government's debt-Recent fiscal policies and their effects. IX. Economic Planning in India-Trends in Savings and investment-Trends in Savings to Income and capital- output ratios-Productivity, its sources, growth and trends-growth versus distribution-Transition from Central Planning to indicative planning-relation between Market and Plan-strategies for Growth, social justice and Plans. Planning and increasing the growth rate. Indian Commerce – Optional Accounting Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting- Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information. Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions, Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue. Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions - Reserves, Provisions and Funds. Final Accounts of non profit organisation. Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolution of a firm. Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible Debentures. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds- Societal obligations of Accounting. Auditing - Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing. - Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review. - Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process. - Evaluation of internal controls. - Test checking and sampling. - Broad outlines of company audit. - Audit of non-corporate enterprises. - Internal and management audit. Part-II Business Organisation Distinctive features of different forms of business organisation. Sole Proprietor Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution. Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types. Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations. Types of securities and methods of their issue. Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market. Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business. Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade. Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance. Management Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies. Coordination-Concept, types, methods. Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wage administration-Job evaluation. Organisation Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception. Management of change; Crisis Management. Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers. Impact of Organisation and Methods (O & M) Company Law Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice. Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company. Accounts and Audit of Companies. Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment. Commerce Syllabus for Main Examination Paper-I Accounting & Finance Part-I Accounting, Taxation & Auditing Financial Accounting Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., accounting for depreciation, inventories, gratuity, research and development costs, long term construction contracts, revenue recognition, fixed assets, contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments and government grants. Advanced problems of company accounts. Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies. Valuation of shares and goodwill. Cost Accounting Nature and functions of cost accounting. Job Costing Process Costing Marginal Cositng; Techniques of segregating semi- variable costs into fixed and variable costs. Cost-volume-profit relationship; aid to decision making including pricing decisions, shutdown etc. Techniques of cost control and cost reduction. Budgetary control, flexible budgets. Standard costing and variance analysis. Responsibility accounting, investment, profit and Cost centres. Taxation Definitions Basis of charge. Incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of computation of income under various heads, i.e., salaries, income from house property, profits and gains from business or profession, capital gains, income of other persons included in assessee's total income. Aggregation of income and set off/carry forward of loss. Deductions to be made in computing total income. Auditing Audit of cash transactions, expenses, incomes, purchases, sales. Valuation and verification of assets with special reference to fixed assets, stocks and debts. Verification of liabilities. Audit of limited companies; appointment, removal, powers, duties and liabilities of company auditor, significance of 'true and fare', MAOCARO report. Auditor's report and qualifications therein. Special points in the audit of different organisations like clubs, hospitals, colleges, charitable societies. Part-II Business Finance and Financial Institutions. Finance Function-Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management-Risk and Return relationship. Financial Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool. Management of Working Capital and its Components- Forecasting working capital needs, inventory, debtors, cash and credit management. Investment Decisions-Nature and Scope of Capital Budgeting-Various types of decisions including Make or Buy and Lease or Buy-Techniques of Appraisal and their application- Consideration of Risk and Uncertainty-Analysis of Non- financial Aspects. Rate of Return on Investments-Required Rate of Return-its measurement-Cost of Capital-Weighted Average Cost-Different Weights. Concepts of Valuation-Valuation of firm's Fixed Income Securities and Common Stocks. Dividend and Retention Policy-Residual Theory or Dividend Policy-Other Models-Actual Practices. Capital Structure-Leverages-Significance or Leverages- Theories of Capital Structure with special reference to Modigliani and Miller approach. Planning the Capital Structure of a Company; EBIT-EPS Analysis, Cash-flow ability to service debt, Capital Structure Ratios, other methods. Raising finance-short term and long term. Bank finance-norms and conditions. Financial Distress-Approaching BIFR under Sick Industrial Undertakings Act : Concept of Sickness, Potential Sickness, Cash Loss, Erosion of Networth. Money Markets-the purpose of Money Markets, Money Market in India-Organization and working of Capital markets in India-Organization, Structure and Role of Financial Institutions in India. Banks and Investing Institutions-National and International Financial Institutions-their norms and types of financial assistance provided-inter-bank lending-its regulation, supervision and control. System of Consortium- Supervision and regulation of banks. Monetary and Credit policy of Reserve Bank of India. Paper-II Organisation Theory and Industrial Relations Part-I Organisation Theory Nature and concept of Organisation-Organisation goals; Primary and secondary goals, Single and multiple goals, ends means chain-Displacement, succession, expansion and multiplication of goals- Formal organisation; Type, Structure-Line and Staff, functional matrix, and project-Informal organisation- functions and limitations. Evolution of organisation theory : Classical, Neo- classical and system approach-Bureaucracy; Nature and basis of power, sources of power, power structure and politics-Organisational behaviour as a dynamic system : technical, social and power systems- interrelations and interactions-Perception-Status system. Theoretical and empirical foundation of theories and Models of motivation. Morale and productivity-Leadership : Theories and styles- Management of conflicts in organisation-Transactional Analysis-Significance of culture to organisations. Limits of rationality-Organisational change, adaptation, growth and development, Professional management Vs. family management, Organisational control and effectiveness. Part-II Industrial Relations. Nature and scope of indsutrial relations, the socio- economic set-up, need for positive approach. Industrial labour in India and its commitment-stages of commitments. Migratory nature-merits and shortcomings. Theories of Unionism. Trade Union movement in India-origin, growth and structure; Attitude and approach of management of India-recognition. Problems before Indian Trade Union movement. Industrial disputes-sources; strikes and lockouts. Compulsory adjudication and collective bargaining- approaches. Worker's participation in management-philosophy, rationale; present day state of affairs and future prospects. Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India. Industrial relations in Public Enterprises. Absenteeism and labour turnover in Indian Industries- causes Relative wages and wage differentials; wage policy. Wage policy in India; the Bonus issue. I.L.O. and India; Role of Personnel Department in the Organisation